I am an Assistant Professor (Research) at the Graduate School of Education and Computer Science (by courtesy) at Stanford University. I am also the Ram and Vijay Shriram Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI) and a core faculty member of Stanford HCI. My research asks how we design AI to extend human thinking rather than replace it. I take a cognitively grounded approach to HCI, studying how people build knowledge through acts of creation: writing arguments, building models, drawing diagrams. I then design interfaces that make these cognitive structures visible and interactive, so that AI can meaningfully participate in the process without taking it over. This work spans AI thinking tools that preserve learners' roles as active creators, pedagogical systems that help teachers see and support how students learn, and design methods that give educators real agency in shaping the AI tools entering their classrooms.

PUBLICATIONS
Deep Sketch-Based 3D Modeling: A Survey [Computer Graphics Forum, 2026]
Alberto Tono, Jiajun Wu, Gordon Wetzstein, Iro Armeni, Martin Fischer, Hariharan Subramonyam, & James Landay

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ToMigo: Interpretable Design Concept Graphs for Aligning Generative AI with Creative Intent [DIS '26]
Lena Hegemann, Xinyi Wen, Michael A. Hedderich, Tarmo Nurmi, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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Metacognitive Demands and Strategies While Using Off-The-Shelf AI Conversational Agents for Health Information Seeking [CHI '26]
Honorable mention
Shri Harini Ramesh, Foroozan Daneshzand, Babak Rashidi, Shriti Raj, Hariharan Subramonyam, & Fateme Rajabiyazdi

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ConvoLearn: A Dataset of Constructivist Tutor-Student Dialogue
Mayank Sharma, Roy Pea, & Hari Subramonyam

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Narrative Scaffolding: A Narrative-First Framework for Data-Driven Sensemaking [IUI '26]
Oliver Huang, Muhammad Fatir, Steven Luo, Sangho Suh, Hari Subramonyam, & Carolina Nobre

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Teaching Spell Checkers to Teach: Pedagogical Program Synthesis for Interactive Learning [IUI '26]
Momin N. Siddiqui, Vincent Cavez, Sahana Rangasrinivasan, Abbie Olszewski, Srirangaraj Setlur, Maneesh Agrawala, & Hari Subramonyam

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DraftMarks: Enhancing Transparency in Human-AI Co-Writing Through Interactive Skeuomorphic Process Traces [CHI '26]
Momin N. Siddiqui, Nikki Nasseri, Adam Coscia, Roy Pea, & Hari Subramonyam

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Understanding, Protecting, and Augmenting Human Cognition with Generative AI: A Synthesis of the CHI 2025 Tools for Thought Workshop
Lev Tankelevitch, Elena L. Glassman, Jessica He, Aniket Kittur, Mina Lee, Srishti Palani, Advait Sarkar, Gonzalo Ramos, Yvonne Rogers, & Hari Subramonyam

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AI in the Writing Process: How Purposeful AI Support Fosters Student Writing [AIED 2025]
Momin N. Siddiqui, Vryan Feliciano, Roy Pea, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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Thinking Like a Scientist: Can Interactive Simulations Foster Critical AI Literacy? [AIED 2025]
Yiling Zhao, Audrey Michel, Nithum Thain, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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CogGen: A Learner-Centered Generative AI Architecture for Intelligent Tutoring with Programming Videos. [AIED 2025]
Wengxi Li, Roy Pea, Nick Haber, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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Prototyping with Prompts: Emerging Approaches and Challenges in Generative AI Design for Collaborative Software Teams. [CHI, 2025] Best Paper
Hariharan Subramonyam, Divy Thakkar, Andrew Ku, Juergen Dieber, & Anoop K. Sinha

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Script&Shift: A Layered Interface Paradigm for Integrating Content Development and Rhetorical Strategy with LLM Writing Assistants [CHI, 2025] Honorable mention
Momin Naushad Siddiqui, Roy Pea, & Hariharan Subramonyam

Promoting Comprehension and Engagement in Introductory Data and Statistics for Blind and Low-Vision Students: A Co-Design Study [CHI, 2025]
Danyang Fan, Olivia Tomassetti, Aya Mouallem, Gene S-H Kim, Shloke Nirav Patel, Saehui Hwang, Patricia Leader, Danielle Sugrue, Tristen Chen, Darren Reese Ou, Hariharan Subramonyam, Victor Lee, Lakshmi Balasubramanian, Sile O'Modhrain, & Sean Follmer

PlanTogether: Facilitating AI Application Planning Using Information Graphs and Large Language Models [CHI, 2025]
Dae Hyun Kim, Daeheon Jeong, Shakhnozakhon Yadgarova, Hyungyu Shin, Jinho Son, Hariharan Subramonyam, & Juho Kim

AINeedsPlanner: A Workbook to Support Effective Collaboration Between AI Experts and Clients [DIS, 2025]
Dae Hyun Kim, Hyungyu Shin, Shakhnozakhon Yadgarova, Jinho Son, Hariharan Subramonyam, & Juho Kim

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Narrative visualizations: Depicting accumulating risks and increasing trust in data [Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025]
Madison Fansher, Logan Walls, Chenxu Hao, Hariharan Subramonyam, Aysecan Boduroglu, Priti Shah, & Jessica K. Witt

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UX Matters: The Critical Role of UX in Responsible AI [Interactions 31, no. 4, 2024]
Vera Liao, Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Hariharan Subramonyam, & Lauren Wilcox

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Why and When LLM-Based Assistants Can Go Wrong: Investigating the Effectiveness of Prompt-Based Interactions for Software Help-Seeking [IUI, 2024]
Anjali Khurana, Hariharan Subramonyam, & Parmit K. Chilana

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AltCanvas: A Tile-Based Image Editor with Generative AI for Blind or Visually Impaired People [ASSETS, 2024]
Seonghee Lee, Maho Kohga, Steve Landau, Sile O'Modhrain, & Hariharan Subramonyam

A Conceptual Framework for Ethical Evaluation of Machine Learning Systems [AIES, 2024]
Neha Gupta, Jessica Hullman, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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Bridging the Gulf of Envisioning: Cognitive Challenges in Prompt Based Interactions with LLMs [CHI, 2024]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Christoper Lawrence Pondoc, Colleen Seifert, Maneesh Agrawala, Roy Pea

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More than Model Documentation: Uncovering Teachers' Bespoke Information Needs for Informed Classroom Integration of ChatGPT [CHI, 2024]
Mei Tan, Hariharan Subramonyam

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Leveraging Large Language Models to Enhance Domain Expert Inclusion in Data Science Workflows [CHI LBW, 2024]
Jasmine Shih, Vishal Mohanty, Yannis Katsis, & Hariharan Subramonyam

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Is a Seat at the Table Enough? Engaging Teachers and Students in Dataset Specification for ML in Education [CSCW, 2024]
Mei Tan, Hansol Lee, Dakuo Wang, Hariharan Subramonyam

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Spellburst: A Node-based Interface for Exploratory Creative Coding with Natural Language Prompts [UIST'23]
Tyler Angert, Miroslav Ivan Suzara, Jenny Han, Christopher Lawrence Pondoc, Hariharan Subramonyam

Are We Closing the Loop Yet? Gaps in the Generalizability of VIS4ML Research [IEEE VIS'23]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Jessica Hullman

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fAIlureNotes: Supporting Designers in Understanding the Limits of AI Models for Computer Vision Tasks [CHI'23]
Steven Moore, Q. Vera Liao, Hariharan Subramonyam

Designerly Understanding: Information Needs for Model Transparency to Support Design Ideation for AI-Powered User Experience [CHI'23]
Q. Vera Liao, Hariharan Subramonyam, Jennifer Wang, & Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

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How Do Viewers Synthesize Conflicting Information from Data Visualizations? [IEEE VIS'22]
Prateek Mantri, Hariharan Subramonyam, Audrey L Michal, & Cindy Xiong

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Composites: A Tangible Interaction Paradigm for Visual Data Analysis in Design Practice [AVI'22]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Eytan Adar, & Steven Drucker

Solving Separation-of-Concerns Problems in Collaborative Design of Human-AI Systems through Leaky Abstractions [CHI'22]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Jane Im, Colleen Seifert, Eytan Adar

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VideoSticker: A Tool for Active Viewing and Visual Note-taking from Videos [IUI'22]
Yining Cao, Hariharan Subramonyam, Eytan Adar

Assessing the Fairness of AI Systems: AI Practitioners' Processes, Challenges, and Needs for Support. [CSCW'22]
Michael Madaio, Lisa Egede, Hariharan Subramonyam, Jennifer Wortman Vaughan, Hanna Wallach

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Towards A Process Model for Co-Creating AI Experiences [DIS'21]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Colleen Seifert, Eytan Adar

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ProtoAI: Model-Informed Prototyping for AI-Powered Interfaces [IUI'21] Best Paper
Hariharan Subramonyam, Colleen Seifert, Eytan Adar

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texSketch: Active Diagramming through Pen-and-Ink Annotations [CHI'20] Best Paper
Hariharan Subramonyam, Colleen Seifert, Priti Shah, Eytan Adar

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Explore, Create, Annotate: Designing Digital Drawing Tools with Visually Impaired People [CHI'20]
Maulishree Pandey, Hariharan Subramonyam, Brooke Sasia, Steve Oney, Sile O'Modhrain

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Affinity Lens: Data-Assisted Affinity Diagramming with Augmented Reality [CHI'19] Best Paper
Hariharan Subramonyam, Steven Drucker, Eytan Adar

TakeToons: Script Driven Performance Animation [UIST'18]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Wilmot Li, Eytan Adar, Mira Dontcheva

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SmartCues: A Multitouch Query Approach for Details-on-Demand through Dynamically Computed Overlays [IEEE VIS'18]
Hariharan Subramonyam, & Eytan Adar

Agency in assistive technology adoption: visual impairment and smartphone use in Bangalore [CHI'17]
Joyojeet Pal, Anandhi Viswanathan, Priyank Chandra, Anisha Nazareth, Vaishnav Kameswaran, Hariharan Subramonyam, Aditya Johri, Mark S Ackerman, Sile O'Modhrain

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WORKSHOPS & POSTERS
How Can Human-Centered Design Shape Data-Centric Data AI? [HCAI WORKSHOP AT NeurIPS'21 ]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Colleen Seifert, Eytan Adar

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Designing Interactive Intelligent Systems for Human Learning, Creativity, and Sensemaking [UIST'19 DOCTORAL CONSORTIUM]
Hariharan Subramonyam

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Data dialog: facilitating collaborative decision making through data-driven conversations [Pervasive Health'17]
Hariharan Subramonyam, Bongshin Lee, Sile O'Modhrain, Eytan Adar

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Magic Mirror: Embodied interactions for the quantified self [CHI'15]
Hariharan Subramonyam

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WORKSHOP ORGANIZING

Tools for Thought: Research and Design for Understanding, Protecting, and Augmenting Human Cognition with Generative AI [CHI 2025]
with Lev Tanklevitch, Jessica He, Aniket Kittur, Srishti Palani, Gonzalo Ramos, Elena L. Glassman, Majeed Kazemitabaar, Mina Lee, Advait Sarkar, and Yvonne Rogers
Workshop Website

Human–AI Coevolution [ICLR 2025]
with Jacy Anthis, Dylan M. Asmar, Katherine Driggs-Campbell, Amelia Hardy, Kiana Jafari, Geoff Keeling, Mykel J. Kochenderfer, Houjun Liu, Shuijing Liu, Roberto Martín-Martín, Ahmad Rushdi, Marc Schlichting, Peter Stone, and Diyi Yang
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Dynamic Abstractions: Building the Next Generation of Cognitive Tools and Interfaces [UIST 2024]
with Sangho Suh, Hai Dang, Ryan Yen, Josh M. Pollock, Ian Arawjo, Rubaiat Habib Kazi, Jingyi Li, Nazmus Saquib, and Arvind Satyanarayan
Workshop Website

AI-Driven Support for People with Speech & Language Difficulties [CHI 2024]
with Aayushi Dangol, Yun Huang, Srirangaraj Setlur, Adele Smolansky, Hyewon Suh, Jinjun Xiong, and Julie A. Kientz
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Designing for AI-Powered Social Computing Systems [CSCW 2023]
with Gionneve Lim, Hyunwoo Kim, Yoonseo Choi, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Chinmay Kulkarni, Joseph Seering, Michael S. Bernstein, Amy X. Zhang, Elena L. Glassman, Simon Perrault, and Juho Kim
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LLMs and the Infrastructure of CSCW [CSCW 2023]
with Chinmay Kulkarni, Tongshuang Wu, Kenneth Holstein, Q. Vera Liao, Min Kyung Lee, and Mina Lee
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MEDIA/ BLOG

Shortcomings of Visualizations for Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning [Oct 9, 2023] 🔗
While visualizations can help developers better design, train, and understand their models, new research shows gaps between ambitions and evidence.

Spellburst: A Large Language Model-Powered Interactive Canvas for Generative Artists [Sept 13, 2023] 🔗
This new creativity support tool helps artists who work in code explore ideas using natural language and iterate with precision.

Finding a Fit with Learning Technology [Nov 22, 2022] 🔗
Hari Subramonyam and students investigate interfaces that optimize what humans and technology each do best.

New App VideoSticker Uses AI To Help Students Take Rich Notes from Video Lessons [Aug 25, 2022] 🔗
The tool allows students to break down video imagery and transcripts to ease and improve note-taking and comprehension.

In Human-Centered AI, the Boundaries Between UX and Software Roles Are Evolving [Apr 26, 2022] 🔗
"Leaky abstractions" are transforming software design and programming and leading to better, human-focused technology.